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NeuroLogical Cases

PediNeuroLogic Exam

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MENTAL STATUS EXAM
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CRANIAL NERVE EXAM
Anatomy
Normal Exam
Abnormal Examples
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COORDINATION EXAM
Anatomy
Normal Exam
Abnormal Examples
Quiz
Media Resources

SENSORY EXAM
Anatomy
Normal Exam
Abnormal Examples
Quiz
Media Resources

MOTOR EXAM
Anatomy
Normal Exam
Abnormal Examples
Quiz
Media Resources

GAIT EXAM
Anatomy
Normal Exam
Abnormal Examples
Quiz
Media Resources

NEUROLOGICAL CASES

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NUMBERS & SYMBOLS
A	G	M	S	Y
B	H	N	T	Z
C	I	O	U
D	J	P	V
E	K	Q	W
F	L	R	X

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NUMBERS & SYMBOLS

	3rd nerve
	see Cranial Nerve 3

	3rd nerve palsy
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions

	6th nerve palsy
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Traps
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions



A

	Abducens Nerve
	see Cranial Nerve 6

	abstract reasoning
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Judgement-abstract reasoning

	acalculia
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Parietal Lobes
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Dominant parietal lobe function

	Accessory Nerve
	see Cranial Nerve 11

	accomodation
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Major Oculomotor Gaze Systems
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Vergence

	achromatopsia
	Mental Status > Normal > Visual recognition

	acoustic reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 7

	agnosia
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Parietal Lobes

	agraphesthesia
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Gnosis
	Sensory > Abnormal > Graphesthesia

	agraphia
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Parietal Lobes
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Dominant parietal lobe function

	air conduction
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 8 - Auditory Acuity, Weber & Rinne Tests

	allodynia
	Sensory > Abnormal > Light Touch

	alternating findings
	Sensory > Anatomy > Crossed Findings

	amygdala
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Temporal Lobes

	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
	Motor > Abnormal > Upper Extremities > Inspection and Palpation

	anomia
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Receptive language

	anosmia
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 1 - Olfaction

	anterolateral system
	Sensory > Anatomy > Introduction

	aphasia
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Receptive language
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Expressive language

	appendicular ataxia
	Coordination > Anatomy > Cerebrocerebellum
	Coordination > Anatomy > Pearls
	Coordination > Abnormal > Finger-to-Nose

	apraxia
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Parietal Lobes
	Mental Status > Normal > Praxis

	Argyll-Robertson pupil
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Vergence

	arithmetic
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Dominant parietal lobe function

	astereognosis
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Gnosis
	Sensory > Normal > Stereognosis
	Sensory > Abnormal > Stereognosis

	ataxia
	Coordination > Anatomy > Introduction
	Coordination > Anatomy > Vestibulocerebellum
	Coordination > Anatomy > Spinocerebellum
	Coordination > Anatomy > Midline Ataxia
	Coordination > Anatomy > Cerebrocerebellum
	Coordination > Anatomy > Traps
	Coordination > Abnormal > Finger-to-Nose
	Coordination > Abnormal > Heel-to-shin
	Coordination > Abnormal > Natural Gait
	Coordination > Abnormal > Tandem Gait

	Ataxic Gait
	Gait > Abnormal > Ataxic Gait Demonstration
	Gait > Abnormal > Ataxic Gait

	atrophy
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 12 - Motor
	Motor > Anatomy > LMN Lesion
	Motor > Abnormal > Upper Extremities > Inspection and Palpation

	attention
	Mental Status > Normal > Attention-working memory
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Attention-working memory
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Visual recognition

	auditory acuity
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 8
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 8 - Auditory Acuity, Weber & Rinne Tests
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 8 - Auditory Acuity, Weber & Rinne Tests



B

	Babinski sign
	Motor > Anatomy > UMN Lesion Clinical Findings
	Motor > Normal > Plantar Reflex
	Motor > Abnormal > Plantar Reflex

	basal ganglia
	Motor > Anatomy > Control Circuits
	Gait > Abnormal > Parkinsonian Gait Demonstration

	basal ganglia disease
	Motor > Anatomy > Traps

	bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Ductions

	bone conduction
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 8 - Auditory Acuity, Weber & Rinne Tests

	bradykinetic
	Gait > Abnormal > Parkinsonian Gait

	brainstem
	Introduction > Cranial Nerve Exam

	brainstem dysfunction
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Vestibulo-ocular reflex

	Brainstem Motor Control Centers
	Motor > Anatomy > Brainstem Motor Control Centers

	brainstem motor nuclei
	Motor > Anatomy > Upper Motor Neuron Lesion

	Broca’s Area
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Language - Temporal and Frontal Lobes



C

	"central 7th"
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 7

	Cerebellar Tests
	Coordination > Anatomy > Exam Tests

	cerebellum
	Introduction > Coordination Exam
	Coordination > Anatomy > Introduction
	Motor > Anatomy > Control Circuits

	cerebral cortex
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Traps

	cerebral hemispheres
	Introduction > Mental Status Exam
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Introduction

	cerebral peduncle
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerves 3 and 4

	Cerebrocerebellum
	Coordination > Anatomy > Cerebrocerebellum

	chart
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 2

	Check Reflex
	Coordination > Normal > Check Reflex
	Coordination > Abnormal > Check Reflex

	Choreiform Gait
	Gait > Abnormal > Choreiform Gait Demonstration
	Gait > Abnormal > Choreiform Gait

	choreoathetoisis
	Gait > Abnormal > Choreiform Gait

	clasp-knife
	Motor > Anatomy > UMN Lesion Clinical Findings
	Motor > Anatomy > Traps
	Motor > Abnormal > Upper Extremities > Tone

	clonus
	Motor > Abnormal > Lower Extremities > Tone
	Motor > Abnormal > Lower Extremities > Stretch or Deep Tendon Reflexes

	Cochleovestibular Nerve
	see Cranial Nerve 8

	color
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Occipital Lobes

	comatose
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Vestibulo-ocular reflex

	conductive hearing loss
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 8 - Auditory Acuity, Weber & Rinne Tests

	Confabulation
	Mental Status > Media Resources > Confabulation

	confrontation
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 2 - Visual fields

	conjugate eye movement
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 6

	conjugate gaze
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions

	constructional apraxia
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Parietal Lobes

	contractures
	Motor > Normal > Upper Extremities > Inspection and Palpation
	Motor > Normal > Lower Extremities > Inspection and Palpation

	convergence
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Major Oculomotor Gaze Systems
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Vergence

	Coordinant
	Introduction > “x”, “y” Graph

	Corneal reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 5 & 7 - Corneal reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 5 & 7 - Corneal reflex

	corticobulbar tract
	Cranial Nerve > Media Resources > Pseudobulbar Palsy

	Corticospinal Tract
	Introduction > Corticospinal Tract
	Introduction > Motor Exam
	Motor > Anatomy > Introduction
	Motor > Anatomy > Upper Motor Neuron Lesion
	Gait > Abnormal > Diplegic Gait Demonstration

	corticospinal tract disease
	Coordination > Anatomy > Traps
	Motor > Normal > Testing for pronator drift

	Cranial Nerve 1
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 1
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 1 - Olfaction
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 1 - Olfaction

	Cranial Nerve 2
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 2
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 2 - Visual acuity
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 2 - Visual fields
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 2 - Fundoscopy
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 2 & 3 - Pupillary Light Reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 2 - Visual acuity
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 2 - Visual fields
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 2 - Fundoscopy
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 2 & 3 - Pupillary Light Reflex

	Cranial Nerve 3
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerves 3 and 4
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 2 & 3 - Pupillary Light Reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Inspection and Ocular Alignment
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Ductions
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 2 & 3 - Pupillary Light Reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Inspection and Ocular Alignment
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Ductions

	Cranial Nerve 4
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerves 3 and 4
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Inspection and Ocular Alignment
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Ductions
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Inspection and Ocular Alignment
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Ductions

	Cranial Nerve 5
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 5
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 5 - Sensory
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 5 & 7 - Corneal reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 5 - Motor
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 5 - Sensory
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 5 & 7 - Corneal reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 5 - Motor

	Cranial Nerve 6
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 6
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Inspection and Ocular Alignment
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Ductions
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Inspection and Ocular Alignment
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Ductions

	Cranial Nerve 7
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 7
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 5 & 7 - Corneal reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 7 - Motor
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 7 - Sensory, Taste
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 5 & 7 - Corneal reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 7 - Motor
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 7 - Sensory, Taste

	Cranial Nerve 8
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 8
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 8 - Auditory Acuity, Weber & Rinne Tests
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 8 - Vestibular
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 8 - Auditory Acuity, Weber & Rinne Tests
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 8 - Vestibular

	Cranial Nerve 9
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerves 9 and 10
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 9 & 10 - Motor
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 9 & 10 - Sensory and Motor: Gag Reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 9 & 10 - Motor
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 9 & 10 - Sensory and Motor

	Cranial Nerve 10
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerves 9 and 10
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 9 & 10 - Motor
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 9 & 10 - Sensory and Motor: Gag Reflex
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 9 & 10 - Motor
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 9 & 10 - Sensory and Motor

	Cranial Nerve 11
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 11
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 11 - Motor
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 11 - Motor

	Cranial Nerve 12
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 12
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerve 12 - Motor
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerve 12 - Motor

	Crossed Findings
	Sensory > Anatomy > Crossed Findings

	crossing of the axons
	Sensory > Anatomy > Level of Crossing



D

	Decerebrate
	Motor > Anatomy > Decorticate vs. Decerebrate

	declarative memory
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Orientation, Memory

	decomposition of movement
	Coordination > Anatomy > Introduction
	Coordination > Anatomy > Cerebrocerebellum
	Coordination > Abnormal > Finger-to-Nose

	Decorticate
	Motor > Anatomy > Decorticate vs. Decerebrate

	decussation of the pyramids
	Motor > Anatomy > Localizing a UMN Lesion

	Deep Tendon Reflexes
	Motor > Normal > Upper Extremities > Stretch or Deep Tendon Reflexes
	Motor > Normal > Lower Extremities > Stretch or Deep Tendon Reflexes
	Motor > Abnormal > Upper Extremities > Stretch or Deep Tendon Reflexes
	Motor > Abnormal > Lower Extremities > Stretch or Deep Tendon Reflexes

	Deep Tendon Reflexes, grading
	Motor > Normal > Upper Extremities > Stretch or Deep Tendon Reflexes
	Motor > Normal > Lower Extremities > Stretch or Deep Tendon Reflexes

	Deep Tendon Reflexes, levels
	Motor > Normal > Upper Extremities > Stretch or Deep Tendon Reflexes
	Motor > Normal > Lower Extremities > Stretch or Deep Tendon Reflexes

	dermatome
	Sensory > Anatomy > Pearls

	dermatome distribution
	Sensory > Abnormal > Pain - Upper Extremeties

	descending motor system
	Introduction > Longitudinal Systems

	descending tract of the 5th nerve
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 5

	descending tract of the trigeminal system
	Sensory > Anatomy > Trigeminal System

	dilated pupil
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions

	Diplegic Gait
	Gait > Abnormal > Diplegic Gait Demonstration
	Gait > Abnormal > Diplegic Gait

	diplopia
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 6
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Pearls
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6 - Versions

	direct corticospinal tract
	Motor > Anatomy > UMN Syndrome

	discriminatory touch
	Introduction > Somatosensory Tracts
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 5
	Sensory > Anatomy > Introduction

	divergence
	Cranial Nerve > Normal > Vergence

	doll's eye
	Cranial Nerve > Anatomy > Cranial Nerve 8
	Cranial Nerve > Abnormal > Vestibulo-ocular reflex

	dominant hemisphere
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Language - Temporal and Frontal Lobes

	dominant inferior parietal lobe
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Parietal Lobes
	Mental Status > Normal > Praxis

	dominant parietal lobe
	Mental Status > Anatomy > Parietal Lobes

	Dominant parietal lobe function
	Mental Status > Normal > Dominant parietal lobe function
	Mental Status > Abnormal > Dominant parietal lobe function

	dorsal column
	Sensory > Abnormal > Position Sense

	Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus (DCML)
	Introduction > Somatosensory Tracts
	Sensory > Anatomy > Introduction
	Sensory > Anatomy > Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus
	Sensory > Anatomy > Location of Tracts
	Sensory > Anatomy > Exam Tests
	Sensory > Normal > Light Touch
	Sensory > Normal > Vibratory
	Sensory > Normal > Position Sense
	Sensory > Normal > Tactile Movement
	Sensory > Abnormal > Vibratory
	Sensory > Abnormal > Two-Point Discrimination

	dorsiflexion
	Motor > Abnormal > Plantar Reflex

	Double Simultaneous Stimulation
	Sensory > Normal > Double Simultaneous Stimulation
	Sensory > Abnormal > Double Simultaneous Stimulation

	drawing a clock</